Enhancement of Power Quality in Grid Network Using Compensator and Modified Power Filters

Abstract

Now-a-days with the advancement in technology there is a drastic improvement in the semi-conductor devices. With this development and advantages, the semi-conductor devices got a permanent place in the power sector helping to ease the control of overall system. Moreover, most of the loads are also semi-conductor-based equipment. But the semi-conductor devices are non-linear in nature and draws non-linear current from the source. And also, the semi-conductor devices are involved in power conversion, which is either AC to DC or from DC to AC. This power conversion contains lot of switching operations which may introduce discontinuity in the current. Due to this discontinuity and non-linearity, harmonics are present which affect the quality of power delivered to the end user. To maintain the quality of power delivered, the harmonics should be filtered out. Thus, a device named Filter is used which serves this purpose.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Electrical energy is the most efficient and widely used type of energy, and modern society is strongly reliant on it. Life would be impossible to envisage without the availability of power. At the same time, the quality of the electric power delivered is critical for the proper operation of end-user equipment. The word "power quality" has gained a lot of traction in the power industry, and it's something that both the electric power supply business and the end customers are worried about. The voltage and frequency ranges of the power determine the quality of power given to consumers. There are many filter topologies in the literature like- active, passive and hybrid. In this project the use of hybrid power filters for the improvement of electric power quality is studied and analysed.

Increased non-linearity results in a variety of unfavourable characteristics, including low system efficiency and a low power factor. It also causes annoyance to other customers and communication network interference in the area. Over the next few years, the impact of such non-linearity could be significant. As a result, overcoming these negative characteristics is critical.

Shunt passive filters, which are made up of tuned LC filters and/or high passive filters, are traditionally used to suppress harmonics and power capacitors are used to improve power factor. However, they have fixed compensation, are huge in bulk, and can exile resonance situations.

Active power filters are now seen as a viable alternative over the classical passive filters, to compensate harmonics and reactive power requirement of the non-linear loads. The objective of the active filtering is to solve these problems by combining with a much-reduced rating of the necessary passive components. [5].

II. SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER

Figure 1 depicts a shunt active power filter diagram. At the Point of Common Coupling, a shunt active power filter is connected in parallel (PCC). PCC refers to the point where the source and load meet in the middle. In most cases, the active power filter is used.

The active power filter usually has an inverter structure, which can be either a voltage source inverter (VSI) or a current source inverter (CSI).

Because CSI has some limitations, most of them choose VSI-based shunt active power filters. A dc link capacitor is linked to the VSI's output terminal, acting as an energy storage element and utilized to maintain a constant DC voltage with small ripple in steady state. To obtain better correction, the capacitor's dc link voltage must be maintained constant. This is accomplished using a PI controller, which operates in a closed loop.

V. RESULT

A shunt active power filter has been investigated for power quality improvement. Various simulations are carried out to analyse the performance of the system. The PI controller-based Shunt active power filter is implemented for harmonic and reactive power compensation of the non-linear load. A program has been developed to simulate the PI controller-based shunt active power filter in MATLAB. It is found from simulation results that shunt active power filter improves power quality of the power system by eliminating harmonics and reactive current of the load current, which makes the load current sinusoidal and in phase with the source voltage. According to IEEE 519 standard, the maximum permissible THD for low voltage application is 5% and maximum permissible for individual voltage harmonics is 3%. The performance of the controllers has satisfied the IEEE standards as the resulted THD of source current after applying compensation is below permissible limit. A model has been developed in MATLAB SIMULINK and simulated to verify the results.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Miss. Pallavi R. Dole, Prof. S. D. Gatfane. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.